ABSTRACT
COVID-19 has been considered the most important issue in the last two years. Some characteristics and factors can play a pivotal role in the survival time and mortality of COVID-19 patients. The Delta variant was one of the most important variants of COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of COVID-19 survival before and after the spread of the Delta variant. In this historical cohort study, 6,117 hospitalized patients with positive COVID-19 PCR tests between January and September 2021 participated. Some characteristics such as age, sex, death by COVID-19, and presence/absence of some comorbidities were registered for the patients. Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model were done to check the effect of the potential risk factors on the survival of COVID-19 patients by considering the onset of symptoms to death as the time variable. The mean age of patients was 47.29 (SD=18.70). 53% of patients were female, 4.6% were admitted to the ICU, and 3.6% died from COVID-19. Age (HR=9.81, p<.001), cardiovascular disease (HR=2.86, p<.001), chronic kidney disease (HR=6.21, p<.001), diabetes (HR=2.16, p=0.002), hypertension (HR=2.67, p<.001), ICU admission (HR=12.92, p<.001), pO2<93% (HR=6.75, p<.001), and intubation (HR=21.54, P<.001) were risk factors that were influential on the survival of COVD-19 patients before the spread of the Delta variant. Although the effect of some variables changed after the spread of the Delta variant, some of them, like chronic kidney disease and hypertension were no longer significant. Although the effect of some comorbidities was significant only in the crude models, they were not influential in the adjusted model. Conversely, in the presence of other risk factors, especially age, most of the comorbidities were not significant in the adjusted model. Older age, ICU admission, intubation, and pO2<93% are the most important variables which played a pivotal role in the survival of individuals infected by COVID-19. © 2023, Mahidol University - ASEAN Institute for Health Development. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Although almost three years have passed since the outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19), this unprecedented situation is still not under control. Since COVID-19 has the potential to harm the human body, this systematic review aimed to evaluate the outbreak of post-traumatic stress disturbance (PTSD) during the COVID-19 epidemic. We used the search strategy of "novel coronavirus” OR "2019 novel coronavirus” OR "novel coronavirus pneumonia” OR "new coronavirus” OR "coronavirus disease 2019” OR "SARS2” OR "2019-n CoV” OR "SARS-CoV-2” OR "COVID-19” AND "PTSD” OR "PTS” OR "post-traumatic stress” OR "mental disorders”. The exclusion criteria included: a) articles that were not in English or Persian language;b) articles whose full text was not available, c) articles that did not report the prevalence of PTSD, d) articles that were not specific to COVID-19 or included other diseases, e) duplicate publications;f) reviews, s, case reports, case series, and g) studies with target groups other than healthcare workers (HCWs), patients with COVID-19 and general population. After reviewing the articles and checking the exclusion criteria, the full text of 27 articles was reviewed. The studies showed the prevalence of PTSD in the HCW, general population and COVID-19 patients varied from the lowest to the highest as 3.8% to 56.6%, 4.6% to 67.09% and 5.61% to 96.2%, respectively. Given the prevalence of PTSD associated to COVID-19 in the investigated groups, it is recommended to design and implement educational and interventional programs to manage stress and deal with stressful situations such as epidemics. © The Author(s).
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has generated considerable knowledge in this regard in reputable international citation databases. The purpose of this study is to analyze subjects clustering analysis and science mapping on published research to identify the current state of sciences in the field of COVID-19 in Scopus. Methods: This was a quantitative and applied study conducted by scientometric methods including words cooccurrence and network analysis. The study population was all published documents in the field of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 in the Scopus citation database by 31 May, 2020. VOSviewer software was used to analyze the data. Results: As of May 31, 2020, the United States (2,819), China (2,342), Italy (1,466), and the United Kingdom (1,264) had the highest number of scientific publications in the field of COVID-19 in Scopus. Iran was ranked 12th with 318 scientific publications. The three main clusters of research activities in the field of COVID-19 were health, basic science and clinical research clusters. Conclusion: With the existing scientific capacities, the role of Iran and its medical universities in publishing scientific experiences related to the COVID-19 pandemic can be enhanced. Accurate and comprehensive planning must be done in this regard. Determining research needs and developing applied research in three main areas, including health and prevention, basic and clinical sciences, should be considered in the management and leadership of COVID-19 research. © 2020 Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.